PalmSens Instruments
| PalmSens4 |
Standard |
Bipot (PalmSens3) |
EIS |
| DC Voltage Range |
±5 V or ± 10 V |
±5 V |
±5 V ±5 V or ± 10 V |
| Compliance Voltage Range |
±10 V |
±8 V |
±10 V |
| Minimum Current Range |
100 pA |
100 pA |
100 pA |
| Maximum Current Range |
10 mA |
10 mA |
10 mA |
| Maximum Current |
±30 mA |
±30 mA |
±30 mA |
| Number of working electrodes |
1 |
2 |
1 |
| Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) |
No |
No |
Yes |
| Emstat – Single channel potentiostats |
Emstat3 |
Emstat3+ |
Emstat3 Blue |
Emstat3+ Blue |
| DC Voltage Range |
±3 V |
±4 V |
±3 V |
±4 V |
| Compliance Voltage Range |
±5 V |
±8 V |
±5 V |
±8 V |
| Minimum Current Range |
1 nA |
1 nA |
1 nA |
1 nA |
| Maximum Current Range |
10 mA |
10 mA |
10 mA |
10 mA |
| Maximum Current |
±20 mA |
±100 mA |
±20 mA |
±100 mA |
| Number of working electrodes |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
No |
No |
No |
No |
| Battery Powered |
No |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| Communication |
USB |
USB |
USB + Bluetooth |
USB + Bluetooth |
| Auxiliary Port |
No |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| Emstat – multiple channel potentiostats |
Emstat 3 4WE |
MultiEmstat3 |
MultiEmstat3+ |
EmstatMUX |
| DC Voltage Range |
±3 V |
±3 V |
±4 V |
|
| Compliance Voltage Range |
±5 V |
±5 V |
±8 V |
|
| Minimum Current Range |
1 nA |
1 nA |
1 nA |
|
| Maximum Current Range |
10 mA |
10 mA |
10 mA |
|
| Maximum Current |
±20 mA |
±20 mA |
±100 mA |
|
| Number of working electrodes |
1, 2, 3, or 4 |
4, 8, or 12 |
4, 8, or 12 |
8 or 16 |
| Number of counter electrodes |
1 |
4, 8, or 12 |
4, 8, or 12 |
8 or 16 |
| Number of reference electrodes |
1 |
4, 8, or 12 |
4, 8, or 12 |
8 or 16 |
| Data collection at each channel |
Simultaneous |
Simultaneous |
Simultaneous |
Alternating |
All Supported Techniques
The voltammetric techniques can be used in the stripping voltammetry modes.
| Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) |
|
| Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) |
|
| Square wave voltammetry (SWV) |
|
| Normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) |
|
| ac Voltammetry (acV) |
|
| Cyclic voltammetry (CV) |
|
| Stripping chronopotentiometry (PSA or SCP) |
|
Technique as a function of time:
| Amperometric detection (AD)(Chronoamperometry) |
|
| Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) |
|
| Multiple pulse amperometry (MPAD) |
|
| Fast amperometry (FAM) |
|
| Potentiometry (POT) |
|
| Open circuit porentiometry (OCP) |
|
| Multistep amperometry |
|
| Multistep potentiometry |
|
| Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) |
|
